试论贾谊重农思想的社会根源

贾谊从汉初社会矛盾与社会发展的需要出发，提出了重农思想，他认为封建国家商品经济的发展已经危害到小农经济的健康成长，因而主张保护和发展农业生产，反对工商业者以“末”致富，富而奢侈浪费，互为攀比，破坏了生产与消费的平衡，削弱了农业作为国民经济主导部门的地位；稳定粮食的生产，增加粮食的积贮对赈灾备荒，加强国防都有着非常重大的意义；封建国家允许私铸钱币的政策，导致了采矿、冶炼业的膨胀，不利于农业生产，特别是农业劳动力的流失，对农业生产的危害更为严重。

The Social Cause of Jia Yi＇s Emphasis on Agriculture

Based on the social conflicts and the needs of social development at the beginning of the Hart Dynasty, Jia Yi proposed to attach more importance to agriculture. In his opinion, the commercial economy had imperiled the positive development of industrial economy; therefore, he suggested that the government should protect and promote agricultural production and object the industrialists and commercialists＇ prosperity on the incidentals. He thought that extravagance ad squander destroyed the balance between production and consumption. He also thought that the stabilization of grain production and the increase of the grain storage were very important to the national defense. Moreover, he thought that the permission of unofficial coining resulted in the expansion of mining and smelting and infracted agricultural production. Especially, the loss of rural labor jeopardized the development of agriculture.