心算加工策略的认知科学研究综述

工作记忆和练习效应都通过多方面对心算过程中的加工策略产生较大的影响。在工作记忆资源被占用的情况下,心算策略的执行与选择都受到了较大的影响。工作记忆与策略复杂性的交互作用,工作记忆与问题难度的交互作用都对策略执行有影响。工作记忆资源的被占用会对策略选择造成较大的影响。练习对策略选择,策略效能、策略迁移、策略的问题大小效应都有影响。练习效应能提高直接提取策略的使用频率,同时降低了运算策略的使用频率。练习有效地缩短了提取策略的完成时间和运算策略的完成时间。练习在部分情况下会缩小问题大小效应,但不能完全消除问题大小效应。练习的结果仅在乘法中会出现部分迁移。不同的理论对练习效应的影响,有着不同的解释。

Strategy in Mental Arithmetic:Studies from Cognition

Working memory and practice effect strategy in mental arithmetic in many different ways.Both strategy execution and strategy selection in mental arithmetic are be influenced when working memory is loaded.The present results showed two crucial interactions,Working Memory * Strategy Complexity and Working Memory * Problem Difficulty.The strategy selections in mental arithmetic have been mostly changed when working memory is loaded.Practice effects on strategy in mental arithmetic in four ways: strategy selection,strategy efficiency,the problem-size effect,and the transfer effects.Practice enhanced the frequency of retrieval use and reduced the frequency of procedural strategy use,and thus influenced strategy selection.Retrieval efficiency and procedural strategy were both improved by practice.Practice did change the problem-size effect,but could not eliminate it.The transfer effects occur rather rarely,and were limited to procedural strategies and absent for retrieval strategies in multiplication.Different theories have different states about the practice effects.