俄罗斯航天人才培养模式与特点分析

 人才资源是国家经济社会发展的第一资源，直接决定国家的综合国力和国际竞争力。尽管历经多轮西方制裁，俄罗斯航天工业凭借苏联时期蓄积的雄厚科技实力和国家持续投入与支持，仍然保持着世界领先地位，国家对航天领域的高度重视和规模庞大、高素质的专业人才队伍在其中发挥了关键作用。综合分析发现，俄罗斯部分延续了苏联时期先进的航天人才培养方式，通过合理布局高等教育、建设航天特色类院校、推行航天院校和航天企业联合培养、不断完善在职人员培养制度等措施，建立起一套较为成熟并独具特色的航天人才培养模式，为俄罗斯未来在航天领域持续取得突破性成果奠定了基础。其中，加强实践教学等可以作为中国航天人才培养的重要参考。

Training mode and characteristics of aerospace human resources in Russia

Human resource has long been recognized as a key element in national economic and social development. Despite several rounds of western-imposed sanctions, Russia maintains global leadership in space industry by relying on strong scientific and technological strength accumulated during the Soviet era, continuous investment and support from government, especially the dedicated and high-quality engineer teams. Russia partly inherites an advanced training mode of aerospace human resource from the Soviet era, by rationally arranging higher education, building colleges with aerospace characteristics, promoting combined training mode of aerospace colleges and enterprises, and continuously improving the in-service education and training system. The establishment of a relatively mature and unique aerospace human resource training mode has laid a foundation for Russia to make continuous breakthroughs in aerospace.