澳门城市垃圾焚烧底灰中重金属淋溶研究

本文采用ICP—MS和ICP—AES技术来研究澳门城市垃圾焚烧底灰中重金属的淋溶，以探讨其可能的环境行为和潜在的生态与健康风险．结果表明，该底灰淋溶出来的重金属元素：铝（Al）、锰（Mn）、钴（Co）和汞（Hg）的浓度都低于0．01mg／L，铁（Fe）、铜（Cu）和钼（Mo）的浓度低于0．1mg／L，而铬（Cr）、锌（Zn）、锶（Se）、（Sr）、钡（Ba）和铯（Cs）的浓度在0．11～2．19mg／L范围内，但铅（Pb）的量异常高，最高达19．06mg／L，超过了美国相关标准的上限（5mg／L）；溶解作用和淋溶液的pH值是影响该底灰中重金属淋溶行为的主要因素之一；联系澳门特殊的地理环境和气候条件：填埋后，该底灰中的毒害重金属可被大量淋溶出来，而暴露于生态环境．

The Leaching Behavior of Heavy Metals in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ashes from Macao

In this study,we employed the ICP-MS and ICP-AES techniques to determine heavy metals in the leaching solution of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ashes from Macao in order to study their environmental behavior and assess their potential risks on eco-environments and human beings.The results showed that the concentrations of aluminium(Al),manganese(Mn),cobalt(Co),cadmium(Cd) and mercury(Hg) in the leachates were less than 0.01 mg/L,and that of iron(Fe),copper(Cu) and molybdenum(Mo) were less than 0.1 mg/L.The concentrations of chromium(Cr),zinc(Zn),selemium(Se),strontium(Sr),barium(Ba) and caesium(Cs) were between 0.11 mg/L and 2.19 mg/L.Particularly,Lead(Pb) concentrations were very high,even to 19.06 mg/L,exceeding significantly the maximum concentration limit,which is(5 mg/L) for lead(by TCLP,USEPA).The dissolution and the pH value of the leaching solutions were two of the main factors that determine the leaching process for the heavy metals in the bottom ashes.This implied that the heavy metals in the bottom ashes might be greatly leached,after landfilling,and expose to the eco-environment,according to the special geographic environments and climates of Macao.