广东石豆兰及其易混伪品的营养成分分析与评价

为探究广东石豆兰(Bulbophyllum kwangtungense)、密花石豆兰(B.odoratissimum)和云南石仙桃(Pholidota yunnanensis)的营养成分差异，为植物资源的开发利用提供理论依据，本研究以3种兰科植物的全株为材料，按照国家标准中的检测方法对其主要营养成分、活性物质及矿物质元素进行测定，并通过氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)对其氨基酸营养价值进行评价。结果表明，广东石豆兰中粗蛋白、灰分、总糖、硒、钙的含量与密花石豆兰及云南石仙桃无显著差异(P＞0.05)，而维生素E、钾含量显著高于密花石豆兰及云南石仙桃(P＜0.05)。广东石豆兰和密花石豆兰中茶多酚、镁含量显著高于云南石仙桃(P＜0.05)；广东石豆兰和云南石仙桃中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸、药效氨基酸和总黄酮含量显著高于密花石豆兰，而粗脂肪含量显著低于密花石豆兰(P＜0.05)。密花石豆兰和云南石仙桃作为广东石豆兰的易混伪品，在预防高血压和心血管疾病以及抗肿瘤活性、抗宫颈癌、延缓衰老、增强活力等营养保健功效上，密花石豆兰及云南石仙桃都不能完全替代广东石豆兰。

Analysis and Evaluation of the Nutritional Components of Bulbophyllum kwangtungense and its Adulterants

In order to provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of plant resources,the differences of nutrients in Bulbophyllum kwangtungense,B.odoratissimum and Pholidota yunnanensis were studied. The contents of main active substances,mineral elements and amino acids in the whole plants of three orchids were determined and analyzed according to the national standard for the determination of nutrient components. The nutritional value of amino acids was evaluated by amino acid score (AAS) and chemical score (CS). The results showed that the contents of crude protein,ash,total sugar,selenium and calcium in B.kwangtungense were not significantly different from those in B.odoratissimum and P.yunnanensis (P>0.05),while the contents of vitamin E and potassium were significantly higher than those in B.odoratissimum and P.yunnanensis (P<0.05). Tea polyphenols and Mg in B.kwangtungense and B.odoratissimum were significantly higher than those in P.yunnanensis (P<0.05). The contents of total amino acids,total essential amino acids,umami amino acids,medicinal amino acids,total flavonoids in B.kwangtungense and P.yunnanensis were significantly higher than those in B.odoratissimum (P<0.05),while the contents of crude fat were significantly lower than those in B.odoratissimum. Both B.odoratissimum and P.yunnanensis are easily adulterated products of B.kwangtungense. However,neither B.odoratissimum nor P.yunnanensis can completely replace B.kwangtungense in the prevention of hypertension and cardiovascular,anti-tumor activity,anti-cervical cancer,anti-aging,enhance vitality and other nutritional value and healthcare effects.