云南省藤黄属植物的地理分布及其区系特征

云南省产藤黄属植物13种,占中国总种数的65.0%,是中国藤黄属植物种类最丰富的地区,因此是进行该属植物研究的典型区域.以文献和标本为基础资料,通过聚类和相似性分析,研究了云南省藤黄属植物的地理分布及其区系特征.结果表明:①藤黄属植物在云南的水平分布分区包括:滇东南至滇西南、滇南、滇东南偏滇南至滇西南、滇南偏滇西南和滇西南至滇西北独龙江等5个区.垂直分布分区为:丘陵至低山地带、低山至近低亚中山地带和亚中山地带等3个地带;②云南省藤黄属植物特有现象显著,其中,有8种(61.54%)属于中国特有分布区类型,5种(38.64%)属于热带亚洲(印度-马来西亚)分布区类型;③藤黄属主要分布于600～1 500 m的滇东南、滇南至滇西南的低山和近低亚中山地带,属于热带分布区类型;④藤黄属植物在云南的分布具有明显的地理替代现象;⑤与相邻省区的比较表明,云南藤黄属植物区系与广西联系最为密切.

A study on the geographic distribution and floristic characteristics of Garcinia Linn.in Yunnan Province

Based on the data from herbarium specimens and literatures,the geographical distribution and floristic characteristics of the genus Garcinia Linn.in Yunnan Province were studied by cluster analysis and similarity analysis.The results reveal:① the horizontal distribution area of the genus Garcinia Linn.in Yunnan can be divided into southeastern to southwestern Yunnan region,southern Yunnan region,southeast-southern Yunnan to southwestern Yunnan region,southern-southwestern Yunnan region and southwestern to northwestern (Dulongjiang) Yunnan region;The vertical distribution area can be divided into hill to low-mountain zone,low-mountain to sub-mid-mountain near low-mountain zone and sub-mid-mountain zone;② Species from Yunnan are conspicuous in endemism,eight species(61.54%) belong to the endemic to China areal type,and five species(38.64%) belong to the tropical Asia (Indo-Malaysia) areal type;③ Most species from Yunnan are distributed from 600 to 1500 meters in the southeast,south and southwest of Yunnan,and belong to the tropical areal type;④ Obvious geographical vicariance is observed in Garcinia in Yunnan;⑤ Comparing with other neighboring regions,Guangxi shows the closest floristic similarity to Yunnan.