新二元论的突现论路径

物理主义尽管在现当代西方心灵哲学中发展迅猛、硕果累累，但二元论在死灰复燃之后也呈上升之势。除传统的理论形态经辩护重新粉墨登场之外，还出现了许多新的样式，如量子二元论、自然主义二元论等。到达二元论结论的途径和论证方式也在不断创新，突现论就是其中的一种。M．尼达-鲁梅林等人在根据随附性理论对突现概念做出重新阐释的基础上，不仅承诺存在着物质性身体和作为个体的经验主体这样两类实体，而且强调它们各有自己不能相互归并的属性。查默斯等人在对突现论做出区分的基础上强调：弱突现论一致于物理主义，而强突现论则只会导致二元论的结论。新二元论者的突现论研究尽管有其局限性，但也有积极的意义，不仅深化和拓展了心灵哲学的研究，而且为突现论本身的研究做出了有益的奉献。

The Way of Emergentism to Neo-dualism

Dualism shows a rising trend after resurgence although physicalism is undergoing a rapid development and has madefruitful achievements in contemporary Western philosophy of mind. Apart from the re-appearance of the defended traditionaltheoretical forms of dualism, many other new types have been created, such as quantum dualism, naturalist dualism and so on.Dualism is approached to through new roads and its way of argumentation is different. Emergentism is one of the very forms ofNeo-dualism. Having re-interpreted the emergence conception according to supervenience theory, M. Nida-Rumelin not onlypromises that there are two substances including material bodies and individual empirical subject, but emphasizes they have theirown properties which can not be reduced to each other. Having distinguished Emergentism, Chalmers emphasizes that weakEmergentism is consistent with physicalism, while strong Emergentism will lead directly to dualism. Neo-dualism’s Emergentismstudy has limitations, but has its positive side, too. It not just deepens and expands the study of the philosophy of mind, but alsocontributes to the study of Emergentism itself.