Helix insertion into bilayers and the evolution of membrane proteins |
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Authors: | Robert Renthal |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;(2) Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA |
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Abstract: | Polytopic α-helical membrane proteins cannot spontaneously insert into lipid bilayers without assistance from polytopic α-helical
membrane proteins that already reside in the membrane. This raises the question of how these proteins evolved. Our current
knowledge of the insertion of α-helices into natural and model membranes is reviewed with the goal of gaining insight into
the evolution of membrane proteins. Topics include: translocon-dependent membrane protein insertion, antibiotic peptides and
proteins, in vitro insertion of membrane proteins, chaperone-mediated insertion of transmembrane helices, and C-terminal tail-anchored
(TA) proteins. Analysis of the E. coli genome reveals several predicted C-terminal TA proteins that may be descendents of proteins involved in pre-cellular membrane
protein insertion. Mechanisms of pre-translocon polytopic α-helical membrane protein insertion are discussed. |
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