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Antithetic roles of proteoglycans in cancer
Authors:Elena?Garusi,Silvia?Rossi,Roberto?Perris  mailto:rperris@cro.it"   title="  rperris@cro.it"   itemprop="  email"   data-track="  click"   data-track-action="  Email author"   data-track-label="  "  >Email author
Affiliation:(1) COMT, Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology, University of Parma, Via G.P. Usberti 11/A, 43100 Parma, Italy;(2) Department of Genetic, Biology of Microorganism, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Via G.P. Usberti 11/A, 43100 Parma, Italy;(3) S.O.C. of Experimental Oncology 2, The National Cancer Institute Aviano, CRO-IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini, 2, 33081 Aviano, PN, Italy
Abstract:
Proteoglycans (PGs), a family of complex post-translationally sculptured macromolecules, are fundamental regulators of most normal and aberrant cellular functions. The unparalleled structural–functional diversity of PGs endows them with the ability to serve as critical mediators of the tumor cells’ interaction with the host microenvironment, while directly contributing to the organization and dynamic remodeling of this milieu. Despite their indisputable importance during embryonic development and in the adult organism, and their frequent dysregulation in tumor lesions, their precise involvement in tumorigenesis awaits a more decisive demonstration. Particularly challenging is to ascertain to what extent selected PGs may catalyze tumor progression and to what extent they may inhibit it, implying antithetic functions of individual PGs. Integrated efforts are needed to consolidate the routine use of PGs in the clinical monitoring of cancer patients and to broaden the exploitation of these macromolecules as therapeutic targets. Several PGs have the required attributes to be contemplated as effective antigens for immunotherapeutic approaches, while the tangible results obtained in recent clinical trials targeting the NG2/CSPG4 transmembrane PG urge further development of PG-based cancer treatment modalities.
Keywords:
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