空间飞行器对接过程的动力学建模和仿真计算

建立了有内导向瓣周边式对接机构的两空间飞行器对接过程的动力学模型,建模中将对接系统简化为主动飞行器、被动飞行器和主动捕获环三体问题.针对主动捕获环相对于整个飞行器来说质量很小的特点,建模过程中不考虑主动捕获环的质量和转动惯量,只考虑其几何形状特性,利用约束方程确定接触点作用力,通过计算得到了对接机构的相对位移、速度和转角,以及缓冲系统的位移、转角和相互作用力等参数,从而较全面地了解对接动力学过程,对缓冲系统和对接机构的设计具有重要的参考价值.

Numerical Simulation of Spacecraft Docking Dynamics in the Process of Capture

The mathematical models of docking dynamics in the process of capture are established for two spacecrafts with inner guide petal peripheral docking mechanisms. The docking system is simplified into the initiative spacecraft, the passive spacecraft and the initiative capture annulus. Compared with the spacecraft, the initiative capture annulus has much less mass. So its mass and moment of inertia are omitted in the process of modeling. Only its geometry character is considered. The inaccurate factor in introducing "insert quantity" is eliminated through the way of calculating contact force with restriction equation. The docking strategy and design parameters of buffer, such as relative displacement, velocity and rotation of docking mechanisms and displacement and rotation of buffer, interacting force are obtained through simulation calculation. Thus docking dynamics can be understood better and an important reference is provided for the design of buffer and docking mechanism.