用卡尔曼滤波技术提高机械加工精度

本文首先阐述了卡尔曼滤波的基本原理,导出了卡尔曼滤波的递推表达式,然后以高精度丝杠车床为例建立了加工中误差信号的数学模型,并用PB-700型个人计算机仿真。仿真果表明,这种方法可将原机床加工的螺距精度提高到0.5μm级。仿真还揭示了应用这种方法精化机床提高加工精度的原因,为结构设计、传感器选择、建立数学模型、合理选择采样间距等提供了方向性指示。

Application of Kalman Filter Technique in Improving Accuracy of Machining

In this paper, first of all the fundamental principle of Kalman filter is described and a recurrence formula for Kalman filter by a state vector is derived. Then a mathematical model of machining error signals is developed taking a high precision leading screw lathe as an example. The machining process is imitated by a personal computer PB-700. The result shows that this method can raise the pitch accuracy to the order 0.5um, and it also reveals the essense of this method. It gives the orientation for the structural design, the selection of transducer, the setting up of mathematical model, reasonable selection of sample internal, and so on, it can give directive indications.