狭义相对论与运动速度上限

论证了对于具有静止参考系特性的粒子, 以绝对时空观为基础的伽利略变换是唯一允许粒子运动速度为任意大的线性时空变换, 因而对于任何非伽利略型的线性时空变换, 必然要求粒子运动速度存在上限。通过引进运动速度上限vm, 针对静质量不为零的粒子, 给出一种无需利用光速不变假设和具体的时空变换关系, 而完全在动力学范围内得到相对论质速关系和质能关系的新推导, 并进一步确定了相应线性时空变换的广义洛伦兹变换公式。质速关系和质能关系以及广义洛伦兹变换的新形式已不再直接与光速相关, 而是由更一般的普适速度上限vm替代了光速c。 对于经典伽利略变换则可作为广义洛伦兹变换在vm→∞时的一种极限特例, 而速度上限vm的具体取值可由实验测量来确定。

Special Relativity and Upper Limit for Speed

The author presents a proof that the Galilean transformation is the only linear transformation of space and time that permits an arbitrarily large speed for particles which have rest frame. Consequently, there is a finite speed limit for any non-Galilean linear transformations. Given such speed limit vm, a new derivation of the relativistic mass-velocity and mass-energy relations for massive particles is presented, and then obtains the general Lorentz transformations based on the consideration of relativistic dynamics. New derivation does not require the assumption of constant speed of light, nor is it restricted to particular form of space and time transformation. The new relativistic formulas are not related directly to the speed of light c, but are instead parameterized by the speed limit vm. The well-known Galilean transformation is recovered from the general Lorentz transformation by taking the vm→∞ limit, and the numerical value of vm should be determined from experiments.