论城市化与人口集散流动

城市化随着人类社会的向前发展而发展．先是“有市无城”、“日中为市”，人口早集晚散；到了奴隶社会与封建社会，有市也有城墙的城市才逐渐形成，但规模都不太大，城中虽有一定数量的定居人口，但人口仍然是早集晚散；一直到了资本主义大机器生产时代，大量农业人口涌入城市，城市化才大发展起来，出现“城市膨胀”，城墙的保卫作用丧失以及后资本主义社会的“逆城市化”发展过程．随着和谐社会的建设和发展，人类社会将向更高级阶段发展，城市乡村化，乡村城市化，城乡差别逐步消灭，城市化将完成它的历史使命，人口自由流动，集散自如．

On urbanization and population migration

The processes of urbanization are depended to a certain degree on the development of human societies. There were noon-markets at fixed locations without city walls at first, and people just gathered, traded goods at noon and then left the markets for home. In the slave society and feudal society, towns with city walls appeared. But the scales of towns were still small, and people still traded goods and then left for home. In capitalism society, agricultural population flooded into cities and settled down. The rapid expanding of cities brought many adverse side effects. City walls lost their safeguard function, became a barrier to the expanding, and were torn down. Then the development of cities entered the stage of counterurbanization. With the human societies developing to a higher stage, the difference between urban area and countryside will narrow down and disappear. People can migrate freely.