高层建筑的火灾模拟与逃生行为研究

以广州天河某商业中心为例,运用FDS和Pathfinder模拟器,研究了火灾场景时高层建筑内的烟气蔓延速度、温度、CO浓度和能见度的变化规律,以及室内人员的疏散行为特征。结果表明:①高层建筑中,在人员可用的安全疏散时间内,对人员逃生起决定作用的是中间过程阶段。在中间过程阶段,人员的移动速度会因路径选择难度的加大而变得缓慢,若适当地进行诱导,将有利于提高疏散速度。②本例中,仅通过疏散楼梯来进行人员疏散是不切实际的。考虑高温有毒的烟气有可能通过缝隙蔓延进电梯内,消防疏散电梯应仅停避险层、底楼或临近火灾区域的楼层。③FDS可以直接导入Pathfinder人员模拟器。通过FDS模拟高层建筑火灾,并结合Pathfinder进行人员疏散模拟,能根据实际情况找出最佳疏散时间,从而为实际应用中的疏散演练和应急诱导疏散规划等问题提供理论依据。

Study on Simulation and Escape Behavior of High-rise Building Fire

The commercial center of Guangzhou Tianhe is as an example for the study of the smoke spread speed, temperature, the CO concentration, variation of visibility and evacuation behavior characteristic of indoor personnel in the high rise building fire scene through FDS and Pathfinder. The simulation results show that the intermediate stage process plays a decisive role on personnel evacuation during the available safe evacuation time in the high rise building fire scene. In the intermediate stage process, personnel movement speed becomes slow because of the increase of path selection difficulty. The evacuation speed will improve if suitably induced or increase diversion facilities to avoid congestion. In this case, only through the evacuation stairs for evacuation is unrealistic. Considering the high temperature gas toxic may spread through the gap into the elevator, fire evacuation elevator should only stop hedging layer, ground floor or floor near the fire area. FDS case can directly import into the Pathfinder simulator.The best evacuation time will be find out according to actual situation through the FDS simulation of high rise building fire combined with Pathfinder simulation of evacuation in the actual case.