在发明中延续传统——以祭孔乐舞的当代复兴为个案

通过田野调查，讨论了山东曲阜孔庙祭孔乐舞传统在近代的发明与延续过程。直到1957年，还是沿用清乾隆八年颁定的祭祀乐舞。1980年代复兴的祭孔乐舞已经转向观赏性。尽管2004年恢复的公祭采用了明代祭祀的传统元素，却完全是当代人制作的产品，应称之为“新”祭孔乐舞；家祭中的传统符号比公祭多。现代人发明祭孔传统的本质特征是重复、人为性和与过去建立连续性。

Continuing Tradition in Invention--Take Contemporary Revival of Music and Dance Performance in Memorial Ceremony for Confucius as Case Study

Based on the fieldwork in The Temple of Confucius, Qufu, Shandong Province, the process of continuation and invention of the Confucius Memorial Ceremony and its affiliated music and dance performance were presented. Before the year of 1957, the music and dance performance in the ceremony still followed the performance norms issued in the Qianlong 8th year of the Qing Dynasty. In 1980s, the revived music and dance performance in the ceremony for Confucius has shifted its focus onto the emphasizing of audience orientation. Although the traditional element of the Ming Dynasty＇s Ceremony for Confucius has been adopted in the public memorial ceremony （Gongji） since the year of 2004, the music and dance performance in the ceremony was totally invented by people in modem times and it could be called ＂new＂ music and dance performance in the Ceremony for Confucius. Traditional symbols in private memorial ceremony （Siji） are obviously more than those in the public memorial ceremony. The essential characteristics of the invention of the tradition of the Memorial Ceremony for Confucius in modem times are repeat, inventor-dependence and continuation linked with the traditional ceremony .