强相互作用量子色动力学的渐近自由--2004年诺贝尔物理奖成果简介

美国的戴维·格罗斯(David J.Gros s)、戴维·玻利泽(H.David Politzer)、弗兰克·维里茨克(Frank Wil czek)3位理论物理学家因为揭示出了强相互作用的"渐近自由"特性和这一特性被后来实验所证实,获得了2004年度的诺贝尔物理奖.按历史顺序,简要回顾了强相互作用理论--量子色动力学建立的基本"要素".介绍了理论上如何得出强相互作用"渐近自由"和"渐近自由"的含义.引述了实验检验理论上的渐近自由最典型和最新的情况,展示了强相互作用渐近自由的高度正确性.介绍了基于渐近自由的微扰量子色动力学的要领.指出渐近自由的发现和证实,是确立量子色动力学为描述强相互作用的正确理论的重要依据,同时列举了当前量子色动力学的"色禁闭"等一些前沿问题.渐近自由的发现和证实深刻地影响了粒子物理,如量子色动力学成了标准模型的重要组成部分和导致电、弱、强相互作用的统一理论的研究等.

ASYMPTOTIC FREEDOM IN THE QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS(QCD) THEORY OF THE STRONG INTERACTION--INTRODUCTION OF ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 2004

Due to the theoretical discovery of asymptotic freedom for the strong interaction (a fundamental interaction) and later experimental confirmations, three American theoretical physicists (David J. Gross, Frank Wilczek and H. David Politzer) have awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 2004. The elementary elements to establish the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the theory for the strong interaction, are briefly reviewed according to history. How to reach to the asymptotic freedom for Yang-Mills theories is introduced and its physics meaning in QCD is explained. The latest and essential experimental tests of the asymptotic freedom are presented, and from the presentation one may conclude that the theoretical prediction of the asymptotic freedom consists with experimental measurements excellently. The perturbative QCD, which is rooted to the asymptotic freedom, is outlined. It is pointed out that the theoretical discovery and the experimental confirmations of the asymptotic freedom are crucial for QCD to be the right theory of the strong interaction and some frontiers of QCD, such as 'color confinement', etc., are listed. The discovery indeed has deeply affected particle physics, such as the Standard Model with QCD as one of the main contents and to lead to the so-called Grand Unification Theories (GUTs) for strong and electroweak interactions etc..