结构主义风格学的历史演进

索绪尔的语言学思想不仅孕育了结构主义语言学 ,而且也催生了结构主义风格学。两者具有共同的理论支点 :人们是用语言来交际的 ,而语言又是为所有使用者确立了表达形式和内容之间关系的一个系统 ,因而意义、风格等交际内容均来自语言。为此结构主义风格学家们一直在努力从语言结构中探索风格效果的来源 :表达性、对等结构、语境中对比、转换规则的运用、加工策略 ,由此也构成了结构主义风格学在二十世纪的发展轨迹。尽管结构主义风格学在揭示风格功能、风格结构等方面取得了相当的成就 ,但其理论基础存在一个根本缺陷 ,这就是将语言视为封闭自足、静止不变的符号系统。当代风格学首先必须突破这一理论困境 ,方有长足的进步。

The Gradual Progress of the Structuralistic Stylistics

F.de.Saussure's linguistic ideas not only breeded the struturalistic linguistics,but also hastened the parturition of the structuralistic stylistics.Both thoughts share the same theory:It is the language that people use to communicate,yet,language is a system which establishes the interrelationship between the expressive form and the expressive content for all language users.Therefore,the communicative contents,like meanings,style are all derived from the language. In this connection,the structuralistic stylistics have been exerting themselves to explore the stylistic effect from the language structure.Thus,a developmental track of the structuralistic stylistics was installed in the twentieth century.Although the structuralistic stylistics have made quite a few achivements in revealing stylistic function,stylistic structure etc,there exists an essential flaw in its theoretical foundation.Namely,the language is viewed as a sealed,self-contented,and a static unchangable,symbolic system.Personally,comtemporary stylistics must break thought this theoretical predicament so as to make considerable strides forward.