高校扩招对农村地区高等教育机会获得的影响研究——基于断点回归的实证检验

农村地区和弱势群体的教育获得是当前社会关注的热点。虽然高校扩招政策带来了高等教育机会的迅猛增加,但政策能否使高等教育的获得更加均等化,新增的高等教育机会是否惠及农村地区以及农户内部较低阶层群体,这是有待深入探究的问题。基于中国综合社会调查的数据,采用断点回归设计的方法,考察了高校扩招政策实施后农户整体以及不同阶层高等教育的获益情况。研究结果发现:高校扩招政策并不能显著地增加农村地区参与高等教育的概率,在农户内部仍是中上阶层群体获益更多;中下层群体获得高等教育的概率虽然有所上升,但获益有限,在统计上并不显著。因此,促使高等教育机会逐渐向农村地区延伸,降低农户内部高等教育机会的不平等程度,提升弱势群体的教育获得,需要更有效的配套措施。

Research on the Influence of Enrollment Expansion of Colleges and Universities on the Access to Higher Education in Rural Areas:An Empirical Test Based on Breakpoint Regression

The acquisition of education in rural areas and vulnerable groups is a hot spot in the current society.Although the implementation of enrollment expansion policies has brought about a rapid increase in higher education opportunities,whether the policy can make higher education access more equal and the new higher education opportunities can benefit the rural areas and the lower class groups within the farmers remains a question to be explored in depth.Based on the data of Chinese General Social Survey,the breakpoint regression design was used to examine the benefits of higher education for farmers and the higher education of different levels of farmers after the implementation of the enrollment expansion policy.The findings found,the enrollment expansion policy of colleges and universities does not significantly increase the probability of participation in higher education in the rural areas,and the upper middle class still benefits more within the rural households.Although the probability of middle and lower middle class access to higher education has increased,it is statistically not significant,and the benefits are limited.Therefore,to promote the higher education opportunities for the rural areas,reduce the inequality of higher education opportunities within farmers and improve the education of vulnerable groups,a more effective supporting mechanism needs to be carried out.