新高考考试科目设置的公平性问题研究

新高考科目改革强调学生选择的多样性和实现文理融合,但从利益相关者视角来看,在实施过程中产生的“驱赶效应”既对成绩中下的考生不利,也对成绩优秀的考生不利,在一定程度上还会强化高中学校的两极分化;综合评价招生强调学生数理基础的学科偏好,对弱势群体不利;语言科目的重要性提升,带来性别偏见的隐忧;技术学科因为中学师资配备和学科知识基础尚不完善,考试成绩与其他科目不等值。教育政策制定者应对这些问题进行科学研判,权衡多方利益诉求,做出最优化的策略选择;高等学校需限定选考科目,理性承担社会责任;教育考试机构应深化改革,完善选考科目赋分制度,解决考试科目成绩不等值和“功利性”选科问题。

A Study on the Fairness of Subjects Setting in the New College Entrance Examination

The subject reform of the new college entrance examination emphasizes increasing the students’selectivity and realizing the integration of arts and science,but from the perspective of the interest parties,the“driving effect”produced in the process of implementation is bad not only for the candidates with middle and lower scores,but also for the candidates with excellent scores,and to some extent,it will strengthen the polarization of high school;the comprehensive evaluation of enrollment emphasizes the subject preference of students’mathematical basis,which is bad for the vulnerable groups;the importance of language subjects has increased,which leads to the hidden worry of gender bias;the technical subjects are not equal to other subjects because of the imperfection of middle school teachers and subject knowledge base,and the inequality of test scores to other subjects.The educational policy makers should make scientific research and judgment on these problems,weigh the demands of multiple interests,and make the optimal strategic choice;the colleges and universities should limit the subjects of examination and rationally assume the social responsibility;the educational examination institutions should deepen the reform,improve the scoring system of the subjects of examination,and solve the problems of unequal scores and“utilitarian”subjects of examination.