低温作业环境下应急救援人员局部冷损伤预测评价

为评价应急救援人员在低温环境下开展救援活动时遭受的冷损伤情况，对传统人体热生理模型进行改进，将人体模型拓展为20个分区，增加了脸部、肩部等部位，每个部位包括4层：核心、动脉、静脉、皮肤，动、静脉的血流参数由128段血管模型计算获得。基于改进的人体热生理模型，计算分析了多种低温环境工况下应急救援人员局部皮肤温度的变化规律，主要探讨分析了环境温度、风速、防护程度对手部和脸部皮肤温度的影响程度。结果表明：风速对低温环境工况人体局部皮肤温度影响显著，但随着风速的增加，影响程度会降低；较好的局部低温防护能提高人体该部位皮肤温度10℃以上；手部较脸部更容易遭受冷损伤。该研究能为低温环境下作业人员冷损伤评估提供技术支持，对低温冷损伤防控具有重要应用价值。

Prediction and Evaluation of Local Cold Injury of Emergency Rescuers in Low Temperature Working Environment

In order to evaluate the cold injury of emergency rescue personnel when carrying out rescue activities in low temperature environments, the traditional human thermophysiological model were improved and expanded into 20 parts, and mainly the face part and the shoulder part were added. Each human part includes four layers: the core, arteries, veins and skin. The blood flow parameters of the arteries and veins were obtained based on the 128-segment vascular model. Using the improved human thermophysiological model, the local skin temperatures of emergency rescuers under different low temperature conditions were analyzed, and furthermore the effects of ambient temperature, wind speed and protection clothing on the skin temperatures of the hand and face were compared and analyzed. The results show that the wind speed has a significant impact on the skin temperature of human body in low temperature environment, but the effect will get weakened with the increase of wind speed; the enhanced local protection can increase the local skin temperature of the human body by at least 10 °C; the hand is more susceptible to cold injury than the face. It is concluded that this study could provide technical supports for cold injury assessment of workers in low temperature environment, and is of great practice value for prevention and control of human cold injury.