Memory processes during sleep: beyond the standard consolidation theory |
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Authors: | Nikolai Axmacher Andreas Draguhn Christian E Elger Juergen Fell |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany;(2) Life and Brain Center for Academic Research, Bonn, Germany;(3) Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany |
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Abstract: | Two-step theories of memory formation suggest that an initial encoding stage, during which transient neural assemblies are
formed in the hippocampus, is followed by a second step called consolidation, which involves re-processing of activity patterns
and is associated with an increasing involvement of the neocortex. Several studies in human subjects as well as in animals
suggest that memory consolidation occurs predominantly during sleep (standard consolidation model). Alternatively, it has
been suggested that consolidation may occur during waking state as well and that the role of sleep is rather to restore encoding
capabilities of synaptic connections (synaptic downscaling theory). Here, we review the experimental evidence favoring and
challenging these two views and suggest an integrative model of memory consolidation. |
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Keywords: | Memory consolidation Sleep Hippocampus Replay Ripples |
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