HAX1 deficiency causes autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia (Kostmann disease) |
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Authors: | Klein Christoph Grudzien Magda Appaswamy Giridharan Germeshausen Manuela Sandrock Inga Schäffer Alejandro A Rathinam Chozhavendan Boztug Kaan Schwinzer Beate Rezaei Nima Bohn Georg Melin Malin Carlsson Göran Fadeel Bengt Dahl Niklas Palmblad Jan Henter Jan-Inge Zeidler Cornelia Grimbacher Bodo Welte Karl |
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Institution: | Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany. klein.christoph@mh-hannover.de |
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Abstract: | Autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) constitutes a primary immunodeficiency syndrome associated with increased apoptosis in myeloid cells, yet the underlying genetic defect remains unknown. Using a positional cloning approach and candidate gene evaluation, we identified a recurrent homozygous germline mutation in HAX1 in three pedigrees. After further molecular screening of individuals with SCN, we identified 19 additional affected individuals with homozygous HAX1 mutations, including three belonging to the original pedigree described by Kostmann. HAX1 encodes the mitochondrial protein HAX1, which has been assigned functions in signal transduction and cytoskeletal control. Here, we show that HAX1 is critical for maintaining the inner mitochondrial membrane potential and protecting against apoptosis in myeloid cells. Our findings suggest that HAX1 is a major regulator of myeloid homeostasis and underline the significance of genetic control of apoptosis in neutrophil development. |
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