车用碳纤维复合材料性能及成型工艺

 碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)具有高强度、高刚度、高断裂韧性、耐腐蚀、高阻尼等特点,可大幅提高汽车服役寿命、燃油效率和安全舒适性,已被公认为汽车工业领域最理想的轻量化材料。但由于传统复合材料成型工艺来源于品种多、批量小、高成本生产的航空工业,为了满足车用CFRP 对高效率、低成本、规模化、自动化制造技术的迫切需求,国际主流车企结合车身部件设计灵活、厚薄不均、复杂程度地不同的具体特点,开发了众多差异化的新型快速成型工艺,以实现最小碳纤维用量下最大程度地发挥复合材料功效的目的。本文通过与高强钢、铝合金、镁合金等其他先进轻质材料的对比,介绍了碳纤维复合材料在使用性能上的多样化特点及显著优势;并结合车用碳纤维复合材料部件典型应用案例,分析了当前最具发展潜力的差异化快速成型工艺。

Performance and molding processes of automotive carbon fiber reinforced plastics

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) have been recognized as the most ideal light-weight material in automotive industry due to their superior mechanical and chemical properties, including high strength, high stiffness, high fracture toughness, corrosion resistance, high damping capacity, and so on. The application of CFRP can significantly improve the service life, fuel efficiency, safety and comfort of a vehicle. The conventional molding technology of CFRP originated from the high variety, low volume and high cost production of aviation industry; so the mainstream vehicle manufacturers have developed several new rapid molding processes in order to meet the requirements of high productivity, low cost and mass production of vehicle components. In this paper, the properties and advantages of CFRP are introduced by comparing with traditional light-weight materials such as high strength steel, aluminum and magnesium alloys. Several promising rapid molding technologies of CFRP with typical application examples are described and analyzed.