土壤中有机污染物生物有效性研究的意义及进展

 污染物进入土壤后，与土壤成分发生相互作用，使其赋存状态发生变化，导致其移动性、生物有效性甚至是化学反应活性都出现不同程度的降低，使其环境与生态风险发生改变，并对其修复效率产生重要影响。污染物的移动性、生物有效性及化学反应活性既互相关联又不尽相同，其中生物有效性不但取决于污染物的赋存状态，还取决于生物吸收等过程，不同学科领域对生物有效性的理解存在较大差异。本文从污染物与土壤相互作用出发，综述了土壤中有机污染物生物有效性的研究意义及进展，介绍了污染物生物有效性涵义的认识历程，比较了生物有效性的不同评价方法，讨论了土壤环境因素、土壤生物、污染物性质及老化作用对土壤中有机污染物生物有效性的影响。

Meaning and progresses of studies on bioavailability of organic contaminants in soil

Once an organic contaminant enters the soil, it will interact with the soil constituents, changing its existing state in the soil, which in turns will reduce the mobility, the bioavailability and the chemical reactivity to a certain extent and will have significant impacts on the risks of organic contaminants to the environment and the ecosystems as well as on the efficiencies of remediation technologies. The changes in the mobility, the bioavailability and the chemical reactivity are related with each other but have their own features. The bioavailability of the organic contaminants depends not only on the existing state of the contaminant in the soil but also on the absorption process of the organisms, and hence, there are many different understandings among different research fields about the meaning of bioavailability. In this paper, the recent research progresses on the bioavailability of the organic contaminants in the soil are reviewed from the view of the interactions between the soil and the organic contaminants. The meaning of the bioavailability is discussed, and different evaluation methods are compared. In addition, the impacts of the soil media factors, the soil organisms, the chemical properties and the aging on the bioavailability of the organic contaminants in the soil are highlighted.