生命早期1000天的营养与肥胖

 生命早期1000天的营养暴露与儿童期乃至成年后肥胖及慢性疾病的发生风险关系密切。本文将生命早期1000天划分为3个营养阶段，即宫内营养期、母乳或婴儿配方食品期、辅食添加及早期饮食期，并对各阶段中可能暴露的多种营养相关危险因素进行了系统综述。其中，宫内营养期可能存在的主要危险因素是，母亲孕前体质指数过高、妊娠期体重增加量过高、孕期患有糖尿病、携带代谢性疾病易感基因；母乳或婴儿配方食品期可能存在的主要危险因素是，由于食用配方食品导致的婴儿生长速度过快、能量和蛋白质摄入过高、多不饱和脂肪酸摄入过低；而在辅食添加阶段可能存在的主要危险因素是，婴儿体重增加过快、固态食物添加过早、蛋白质摄入过高、肠道微生物。

Nutrition in the first 1000 days of life and obesity

The environmental exposure in the first 1000 days of life is closely related with the risk of metabolic diseases in adulthood. Within the first 1000 days of life, three main nutritional phases of human dietary development can be identified, i.e. the prenatal phase, the breast/formula feeding phase, and the complementary and early diet phase. The nutritional risk factors during these three phases are:the higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, the excess maternal gestational weight gain, the maternal diabetes mellitus, and the genetic predisposition in the prenatal phase; the formula feeding induced accelerated growth curve, the high energy intake, the high protein intake, and the low polyunsaturated fatty acids intake in the breast/formula feeding phase; and the rapid weight gain, the early introduction of solids, the high protein intake, and the gut microbiome in the complementary and early diet phase. This paper systematically reviews the multiple obesity-related risk factors exposed in the first 1000 days of life, to provide a theoretical evidence of how to realize the early-life prevention and control of metabolic diseases in adulthood.