四合木(Tetraena mongolica Maxim)雄性不育的细胞学研究

首次报导了四合木花粉发育过程中存在雄性不育现象．四合木花具八枚雄蕊，分两轮排列．药壁发育属基本型，具腺质绒毡层．正常花药的绒毡层细胞在四分孢子形成之后开始解体．四合木花药败育从小孢子母细胞减数分裂Ｉ前期开始，在以后的各个时期均有发生．败育发生在个别雄蕊或全部雄蕊中不等．败育花药的药壁中层、绒毡层在小孢子母细胞减数分裂之前即开始解体，减数分裂过程中基本全部瓦解，使小孢子母细胞正常的减数分裂不能进行，引起以后一系列败育现象，形成不正常的四分孢子或单核花粉粒．败育花药药室瓦解，花粉囊收缩变形．即使在正常发育的成熟花药内，仍能观察到败育的花粉粒，形状为椭圆形或三角形．

The Cytological Studies on Male sterility of Tetraena mongolica Maxim

Male sterility phenomenon have been reported for the first time in Tetraena mongolica Maxim. 8 stamens are observed in the flower of Tetraena mongolica Maxim, lined in two circles. The anther wall development conforms to basic type with secretory tapetum. The tapetum cell of normal anther begin to disintegrate after the formation of tetrad. The anther abortion of Tetraena mongolica Maxim begin at the prophase of microspore mother cell meiosis I and continue in the following stages. Some abortions occur in individual stamen, while others in all stamens. The middle layer and tapetum of abortive anthers begin to disintegrate before the meiosis of microspore mother cell and decompose completly during the meiosis. This makes the meiosis of microspore mother cell abnormal and causes a series of abortions. Thus the abnormal tetrad and uninuclear pollens are formed. The locules of abortive anther collapses, anther wall shrinks and deforms. The abortive pollen are observed in normal matural anther with elliptical or triangular shape.