青藏高原栽培青稞SSR标记遗传多样性研究

利用SSR标记评估了64份青藏高原栽培青稞的遗传多样性。选择的30个SSR标记中,22个标记扩增良好且具有多态性,每位点检测出的等位基因数为2~15个,共检测出等位基因132个,平均6.0个;各多态位点检测出基因型为2~11种,多态信息指数为0.16~0.91,平均为0.65。这些表明青藏高原栽培青稞具有丰富的遗传多样性。同时发现,青藏高原栽培青稞在麦芽性状、淀粉性状、病虫及裸粒等重要农艺性状存在丰富的变异,是遗传育种的宝贵资源库。不同来源的群体材料的遗传多样性不同,具有区域特异稀有基因。聚类分析将材料分为四组,材料聚类与材料来源地和生长习性无相关性。聚类图显示了不同材料间的遗传距离或遗传相似程度,可为材料选择提供参考。

Genetic Diversity of SSR Markers in Cultivated Hulless Barley from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China

The genetic diversity of 64 cultivated naked barley from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was studied with 30 SSRs of known map location.Among the selected SSR markers,PCR products of 5 SSR markers were not obtained and 3 SSR marker loci were monomeric.A total of 132 alleles were identified at 22 polyomeric SSR loci.The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 15,with an average of 6.0.The polymorphism information content values for the SSRs ranged from 0.16 to 0.91,with an average of 0.65.The results indicate the genetic diversity of cultivated naked barley from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is very high.At the same time,it is found the genetic diversity of SSR loci linked with important agrocultural traits including pest,disease,naked character,starch traits and malt quality in cultivated naked barley from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is very rich,which is an important resource bank for cereal breeding.The genetic diversity in Tibet and Sichuan accessions is different and has specific genes linked with the sites of origin. Jaccard's coefficient of similarity was calculated,and the lines were grouped by cluster analysis using UPGMA.A dendrogram was obtained from the analysis of the groups and five main clusters were identified.No relationship between the distribution in the dendrogram and growth habits and origins of the cultivars could be detected.Diagram obtained through cluster analysis exhibited a structuration of diversity and genetic relationship among cultivated hulless accessions.In breeding program,parents with genetically distant relationship for hybridization will increase genetic diversity of progenies.