复杂工况土质边坡的失稳破坏特征

库岸边坡的失稳和破坏往往会造成严重的人员伤亡与巨大的经济损失。造成边坡失稳和破坏的因素多种多样。开展了不同含砂率的均质饱和土质边坡在水位升降、水下冲刷、震动及不同水流流速下边坡的失稳与破坏室内模型试验。试验结果表明：在水位升降与水下冲刷条件下，均质下蜀土饱和土质边坡稳定性最好，土质边坡含砂率越高，边坡抵抗水位升降与水下冲刷的能力越弱，边坡越易失稳滑塌破坏；在震动作用下，饱和边坡土体内孔压快速上升，有效应力快速减小，边坡更易失稳崩塌破坏。水流潜蚀导致边坡土体细小颗粒更易流失，水流潜蚀作用使边坡坡脚部位形成凹陷空洞，使坡体上部失去支撑而导致边坡崩塌失稳破坏，且水流速度越快，边坡越易破坏。

Characteristics of soil slope collapse under complex conditions

The collapse of water bank slope with various factors often causes serious casualties and huge economic losses. The slope model tests with different sand content were carried out in the laboratory, such as water level fluctuation, underwater scour, vibration and different water velocity. The results show that the homogeneous saturated Xiashu soil slope with no sand is the most stable under the condition of water fluctuation and scour. The higher the sand content of Xiashu soil slope, the weaker the ability of slope to resist water level fluctuation and scour, the more unstable and collapse. Vibration and water velocity are the important factors affecting slope collapse. The pore water pressure in saturated soil slope increases rapidly and the effective stress decreases rapidly under vibration, so the soil slope is more prone to collapse. The water flow leads the small particles of the slope soil more easily to be lost. The water potential erosion causes the slope toe to form a hollow, which leads the slope to collapse and loses support at the upper part of the slope. The faster the water velocity is, the more unstable and collapse of soil slop is.