硅藻土对重金属离子的吸附作用及其用于环境重金属污染修复的研究评述

硅藻土拥有独特的物理和化学性质，在工业生产中已经得到十分广泛的应用，但作为环境矿物材料用于环境污染治理，研究尚处于探索阶段。本文重点评述硅藻土对重金属离子的吸附作用及其用于环境重金属污染修复的研究进展。硅藻土表面覆盖着一层硅羟基（Si-0H），构成了硅藻土表面最主要的活性基团。硅藻土对水体中重金属离子的吸附受温度和pH值的制约。一般来说，温度和ph值越低，硅藻土对重金属离子的去除能力越差。改性硅藻土可以大大提高对重金属离子的吸附能力。使用金属氧化物对硅藻土进行表面处理是比较常用的改性方法，这可以一定程度提高硅藻土的比表面积和表面负电荷。

Review of Adsorption Capacity of Diatomite against Heavy Mental Ions and Research of its Usage in Renovating Environmental Pollution by heavy mental

Diatomite has been widely applied in industrial manufacture due to its unique physical and chemical properties, but it usage as environmental mineral material in disposal of environmental pollution has preliminarily been researched. This article mainly review the hdsorption capacity of diatomite against heavy mental ions and the evolution of its usage in renovating environmental pollution by heavy mental. The surface of diatomite is covered by silicon hydroxyl, which is revealed to be the uppermost active group in the surface of diatomite by research. The adsorption of heavy mental by diatomite is restricted by temperature and pH. Currently, the lower temperature and pH is, the lower removal of heavy mental by diatomite is. Modification of diatomite can greatly improve the adsorption capacity of diatomite against heavy mental ions. The method in common use is modifying the surface of diatomite with mental oxide, which may increase the surface area and surface negative charges of diatomite in a certain extent.