基于压力-状态-响应模型的历史街区防火韧性评估体系构建及应用——以福州市三坊七巷为例

在韧性城市的建设背景下,历史街区的防火韧性被解释为:在降低火灾风险和维持自身稳定性的同时具备抵抗力、适应力和恢复力.基于"压力-状态-响应"模型,结合专家打分法和层次分析法,构建由33个指标层组成的历史街区防火韧性评估体系.以福州市三坊七巷为例开展的评估结果表明,该街区压力层潜在的刺激性较大,状态层暴露出的敏感性较高,但同时响应层表现出的适应性较强.针对研究结果,分别从建筑性能、街区空间和管理机制3个方面提出优化策略.研究成果既可为定量评估历史街区的消防能力提供参考依据,亦可为推进中国历史街区的保护和开发提供决策支持.

Evaluation Index System for Fireproof Resilience of Historic Blocks Based on PSR Model:A Case of Three Lanes and Seven Alleys in Fuzhou

On the basis of resilient cities, the fireproof resilience of historic district is interpreted as resistance, adaptability and recovery while reducing fire risk and maintaining stability. Based on pressure-state-response model (PSR), via expert scoring and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a fireproof resilience evaluation system of historic blocks is constructed, which is composed of 33 indicators. Taking Three Lanes and Seven Alleys in Fuzhou as an example, the evaluation results show that the pressure layer of the block has great potential stimulation and high sensitivity exposed in the state layer, but at the same time, the response layer has strong adaptability. According to the research results, optimization strategies are proposed from three aspects: building performance, block space and management mechanism. This study would not only provide a reference for evaluating the fire control capacity of historic district, but also provide support for promoting the protection and development of historic blocks in China.