浙江省空气质量变化特征研究——基于函数型数据分析

为了探究浙江省空气质量变化特征,选取浙江省2014—2019 年的空气质量指数月度数据和6项主要空气污染物浓度月度数据进行研究。首先,将空气质量指数数据和6项空气污染物浓度数据拟合为函数曲线;然后,为了发掘浙江省空气质量指数和6项空气污染物浓度的动态变化特征,对空气质量指数曲线族的主成分基系数进行了K-means聚类,并对6项空气污染物浓度曲线族进行了多元Funclust聚类;最后,借助ArcGIS绘制浙江省聚类结果空间分布图,并探索了浙江省空气质量的空间分布特征。结果表明,浙江省空气质量变化特征在空间上可以划分为4类区域,呈现出由南至北逐渐变差的趋势;在时间上,浙江省空气质量指数呈逐年稳步下降趋势,SO₂浓度下降明显,其他5项污染物浓度具有明显的相似性和显著的季节性特征。

Research on characteristics of air quality change in Zhejiang Province——based on functional data analysis

In order to explore the characteristics of air quality changes in Zhejiang Province, this paper selects the monthly air quality index data and the monthly data of the concentration of six major air pollutants in Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2019 for research. First, this article fits the air quality index data and the six air pollutant concentration data into a function curve. Then, in order to discover the dynamic change characteristics of the air quality index and the concentration of six air pollutants in Zhejiang Province, this paper performs K-means clustering on the principal component basis coefficients of the air quality index curve family, and analyzes the six air pollutant concentration curve families perform multivariate Funclust clustering. Finally, we used ArcGIS to draw the spatial distribution map of the clustering results in Zhejiang Province and explored the spatial distribution characteristics of the air quality in Zhejiang Province. The results show that the characteristics of air quality changes in Zhejiang Province can be divided into 4 types of regions spatially, showing a trend of gradual deterioration from south to north; in terms of time, the air quality index of Zhejiang Province has been steadily decreasing year by year, and the concentration of SO₂ has dropped significantly. The concentrations of the other five pollutants have obvious similarities and significant seasonal characteristics.