微生物发酵对川乌、附子中生物碱含量的影响

探讨了微生物发酵对川乌、附子中新乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱含量的影响。将菌种以孢子悬液的形式接入灭菌生川乌、生附子、制川乌、制附子药材中,30℃固态发酵培养7 d提取生物碱,对照组为未发酵药材。采用高效液相色谱法测定其含量。研究发现发酵药材中新乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱质量分数明显低于原药材:生川乌中新乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱的质量分数分别为0.1390%、0.0195%、0.0320%,而发酵生川乌中分别为0.0231%、0.0039%、0.0117%;生附子中新乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱的质量分数分别为0.2750%、0.0670%、0.0550%,而发酵生附子中分别为0.0633%、0.0552%、0.0291%;生川乌+附子中新乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱的质量分数分别为0.1395%、0.0075%、0.0078%,而发酵生川乌+附子中分别为0.0202%、0.0022%、0.0026%。该结果表明微生物发酵有助于降低川乌、附子中有毒生物碱的含量。

Effect of microbial fermentation on the extraction of alkaloids from radix aconiti and aconite

To study the effects of microbial fermentation on the extraction of mesaconitine,aconitine,and hypaconitine from the medicinal materials radix aconiti,aconite and their fermentation products,a strain was inoculated in sterilized radix aconiti and aconite and fermented at 30℃ for 7 days.Subsequently,the alkaloids were extracted and monitored by HPLC,with the materials without fermentation being used as the control.The results showed that the contents of mesaeonitine,aconitine and hypaconitine in the fermented materials were significantly lower than the corresponding values for the control.The contents of mesaconitine,aconitine and hypaconitine in crude radix aconiti were 0.1390%,0.0195% and 0.0320%,respectively,whereas the contents in fermented radix aconiti were 0.023%,0.0039%,and 0.0117%,respectively.Similarly,the contents of mesaconitine,aconitine and hypaconitine in crude aconite were 0.2750%,0.0670% and 0.0550%,respectively,whereas the corresponding values in fermented crude aconite were 0.0633%,0.0552% and 0.0291%,respectively.These results highlight the role of microbial fermentation in reducing the alkaloid content of the material via a bioconversion mechanism.