牛角瓜、木棉和棉纤维的成分、结构和性能分析

牛角瓜、木棉和棉纤维均属于天然纤维素纤维.研究了牛角瓜纤维的物理性能参数、形态结构、微结构以及主要化学成分质量分数,并与木棉和棉纤维进行比较.结果表明,牛角瓜纤维断裂强度为4.45cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为3.40%,回潮率为11.90%;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对牛角瓜纤维的形态结构进行测试,发现横截面的中空度为80%～90%,纵向表面光滑,无天然扭曲;采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)测得纤维的结晶度为42.54%,晶区取向指数为85.40%;采用热分析仪测得初始降解温度为301.1℃;采用傅里叶变换红外-拉曼光谱仪(FTIR-Raman)测得纤维有木质素和纤维素的红外特征峰;利用化学方法测得纤维中木质素质量分数为8%～9%,纤维素约为64%,半纤维素约为20%,蜡质为2%～3%,果胶约为3%,灰分为1.2%～1.8%.

Composition, Structure and Property Analysis of Calotropis Gigantea,Kapok and Cotton Fibers

Calotropis gigantea,cotton and kapok fibers belong to natural cellulose fibers.Physical performance parameters,morphology structure,microstructure and mass fraction of main chemical compositions of calotropis gigantea fiber are tested.The structure and performance of calotropis gigantea fiber are compared with kapok and cotton fibers.The results show that the breaking strength of calotropis gigantea fiber is 4.45 cN/dtex,the elongation is 3.40% and moisture content is 11.90%.Surface morphology and cross section are tested by SEM,the results show that the degree of hollowness of calotropis gigantea fiber is up to 80%-90% and no natural crimps existed.Crystallinity of calotropis gigantea fiber is 42.54% and its crystallinity orientation index is 85.40% tested by XRD.The thermal decomposition temperature of the fiber is 301.1 ℃ tested by TG curve.Lignin and cellulose characteristic peak are marked in infrared spectrum tested by FTIR-Raman.The mass fraction of lignin is 8%-9%,cellulose is about 64%,hemicelluloses is about 20%,waxy is 2%-3%,pectin is about 3% and the ash is 1.2%-1.8% tested by chemical method.