云南梁河440只小兽体表蚤类和吸虱昆虫寄生状况初步分析

目的:调查分析云南梁河县小兽体表蚤类和吸虱昆虫的寄生状况。方法:用鼠笼、鼠夹加食饵的方法诱捕小兽,用全捕法采集诱捕小兽体表的所有蚤类和吸虱,按"一兽一瓶"置于70%酒精内保存和固定。每只昆虫标本经逐级酒精脱水、透明和干燥后制作成玻片标本,于显微镜下逐一鉴定到种。群落基本结构用物种丰富度(S)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、均匀度(J′)及生态优势度指数(C′)来描述;空间分布格局用扩散系数CI、指数(I)、Cassie指数(CA)及聚块指数(m*/m)进行测定。结果:从所捕获的啮齿目、食虫目7科10属20种440只小兽体表,共采集到蚤类昆虫263只,隶属5科8属10种,方叶栉眼蚤、偏远古蚤、印鼠客蚤和近端远棒蚤二刺亚种为优势种;吸虱昆虫1 316只,隶属3科3属6种,太平洋甲胁虱、缺齿甲胁虱和社鼠甲胁虱为优势种。优势蚤种和优势虱种在其对应的主要宿主体表的寄生表现为聚集型分布。结论:本文调查的440只小兽体表蚤类和吸虱昆虫种类组成比较简单,物种多样性较低,宿主选择特异性吸虱高于蚤类,优势种类在其对应的主要宿主体表的寄生均表现为聚集型分布。

Preliminary Analysis of Ectoparasitic Fleas and Sucking Lice on 440 Small Mammals in Yunnan Lianghe

Objective: To investigate the species and distribution of ectoparasitic fleas and sucking lice on 440 small mammals in Lianghe County in Yunnan Province.Methods: Mouse traps were applied to capture small mammals.The fleas and sucking lice on the body surface of small mammals were all collected.Every individual of the fleas and sucking lice was dehydrated,and mounted on slides in the conventional way,and then identified under the microscope.The richness(S),Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′),evenness(J′) and dominance index(C′) were adopted to measure the community structure of fleas and sucking lice on small mammals.The disperse coefficient(C),clumping index(I),cassie index(CA) and patch index(m*/m) were used to mesure the spatial patterns of the dominant fleas and sucking lice on their main corresponding hosts.Results: Total 440 small mammal hosts were captured and 263 fleas and 1 316 sucking lice from the hosts were collected.The 440 small mammals were identified as 20 species in 2 categories: Rodentia and Insectivora.The 263 fleas were identified as 10 species and 8 genera in 5 families.Ctenophthalmus quadratus,Palaeopsylla remota,Xenopsylla cheopis and Aviostivalius klossi bispiniformis,were dominant flea species.The 1 316 sucking lice were identified as 6 species and 3 genera in 3 families.Hoplopleura pacifica,H.edentula and H.confuciana were dominant sucking lice species.The dominant species of fleas and sucking lice tend to be an aggregation pattern on the body surface of their main hosts.Conclusion: There were relatively less species and diversity of fleas and sucking lice on the body surface of the small mammals discussed in this paper.And it showed higher host specificity of most species of sucking lice compared to fleas.The dominant species of fleas and sucking lice tend to be an aggregation pattern on the body surface of their main hosts.