小周期训练对高水平网球运动员内分泌-免疫系统影响

目的:通过检测高水平网球运动员免疫球蛋白、睾酮、皮质醇、肌酸激酶和血尿素氮等的变化,探讨小周期训练对运动员机体内分泌-免疫系统的影响.方法:以12名网球高水平运动员为研究对象,4周小周期训练前、后和1周比赛后分别测试免疫系统、内分泌系统以及代谢机能指标.结果:1)高水平运动员小周期训练后IgA,CD4+%含量,CD8+%含量明显低于训练前(P0.05);2)小周期训练结束CK的活性逐渐提高,赛后升高到最高点,显著不同(P0.05),BUN在小周期训练结束和比赛结束明显上升,但没有明显的差异性(P0.05),ALT在4周结束显著上升(P0.05),比赛后TP总量明显降低(P0.05).3)男性高水平运动员比赛后T含量下降快速,与小周期训练前相比差异较为明显.女性高水平运动员在4周训练后血清中T含量略有所升高,C含量降低(P0.05),比赛结束急剧降低(P0.05),同时,4周后T/C急剧升高,差异显著(P0.05).结论:高水平运动员免疫能力在小周期训练结束没有明显下降,机能状态良好,无明显损伤及疲劳现象出现,说明本研究设置的小周期训练效果较为明显.但同时也观察到比赛对运动员内分泌-免疫系统影响较为深刻,赛后会出现一定程度的疲劳.

Effect of Short Cycle Training Period on Endocrine-immune System of Elite Tennis Players

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of short cycle training period on endocrine-immune system of players via detecting the changes of their immunoglobulin,testosterone,cortisol,creatine kinase,blood urea nitrogen and so on.Methods:12elite tennis elite players(5female and 7male)were selected as the subjects of this study.Some biochemical indicators of immune system,endocrine system and metabolic function were detected after short cycle training period(before and after 4wtraining,after1 w match).Results:1.Their IgA,CD4+% and CD8+% were significantly reduced after 4weeks short cycle training(P<0.05).2.The activity of CK increased gradually after 4weeks short cycle training(P<0.05)and reached the highest point after match(P<0.05).BUN increased obviously after 4weeks short cycle training and match,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05).ALT significantly increased after 4weeks short cycle training(P<0.05),but TP decreased significantly after match(P<0.05).3.T content of male tennis athletes fell sharply after match compared with the level after 4weeks short cycle training(P<0.05).The T content of female tennis athletes increased slightly after 4weeks short cycle training,while their C content decreased(P>0.05),and the T/C ratio increased dramatically after 4weeks short cycle training(P<0.05).Conclusion:After short cycle training period,there's no obvious function decrease in the immune system of elite tennis players,their body function was fine,and there's no obvious damage and fatigue phenomenon,indicating the effectiveness of the short cycle training program in this study.However,the match had a serious effect on their endocrineimmune system,and they would show a certain degree of fatigue.