基于生态绿当量的重庆市涪陵区土地利用结构优化研究

基于生态绿当量构建土地利用结构优化模型，利用涪陵区1996-2009年土地利用现状数据，测算出涪陵区各种用地类型和全区的绿当量，并将该值与以合理森林覆盖率的生态优化标准进行比较，对涪陵区及各个乡镇的土地利用结构进行生态现状评价，在现状存在问题的基础上对研究区域土地利用结构着重从生态角度进行数量上与空间上的优化调整，以期达到经济、社会和生态效益的统一．结果表明：1）1996-2009年，涪陵区及其各乡镇生态绿当量都大于1，生态环境良好，但总体呈下降趋势；长江、乌江和其他溪河沿岸生态绿当量增加，生态环境有所改善；马武镇、龙桥街道等生态绿当量减少，生态保护工作任重而道远；2）作为评价区域生态环境指标，生态绿当量具有涵义明确、方便计算等优点，但也有一定的局限性．

Optimization of Land Use Structure Based on Ecological Green Equivalence in Fuling District of ChongQing

The paper takes Fuling district as an example, based on the land use data from 1996 to 2009, and applies the ecological green equivalence to establish a mathematic model of ecological optimization of land use structure. And then the value of ecosystem services of woods, crops, comer, grass and the whole region were assessed. On this basis, the general green equivalence and the rational forest coverage rate were compared to optimize the land utilization structures from the dimensions of number and space. The aim is to make the profits of ecology, economy and society develop harmoniously. The results show that： （1）The values of ecological green equivalence are more than 1 from 1996 to 2009 in Fuling district, so the ecological environment is good, but it has overall downward trend; the ecological green equivalence of sides of Yantze River, Wujiang River and other rivers are increased, and the ecological environment is improved; the ecological green equivalentce of Mawu and Longqiao are decreased, and the ecological protection is needed; （2）lt is clear and simple to calculate by using the ecological green equivalence as the indicators of the regional evaluation of ecological environment, however, there are also some limitations.