飞蝗五个自然种群的遗传分化研究

采用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术检测飞蝗Locusta migratoria（Linnaeus）2个亚种5个种群的遗传多样性，11个随机引物扩增共产生了163条带，其中多态性片段为156条．Shannon信息指数和Nei’S指数对RAPD数据的分析表明：东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis（Meyen）不同种群存在较高的遗传多样性；同时，东亚飞蝗种群间出现一定程度的遗传分化，遗传分化系数分别为36．09％和33．85％．用UPGMA对Nei’S遗传距离作聚类分析，结果表明：东亚飞蝗不同种群的亲缘关系较近，而它们与亚洲飞蝗Locusta migratoria migratoria（Linnaeus）关系较远．由Nei’S遗传一致度和遗传距离可以看出，东亚飞蝗不同种群间的遗传距离均小于东亚飞蝗与亚洲飞蝗之间的遗传距离．由Mantel软件检验得出地理距离和遗传距离的相关性系数r〈0．7，表明这5个种群亲缘关系的远近与地理距离无相关性．同时，还结合等位酶种群遗传结构研究结果综合分析了上述东亚飞蝗4种群的遗传多样性及其分化，表明RAPD可检测出更高水平的遗传多样性．

Analysis on the Genetic Divergence of Five Populations of Locusta migratoria by using RAPD

The genetic divergence of 5 natural populations(collected from Pingshan,Huanghua,Hebei,Beidagang,Tianjin,Huludao Liaonin of Locusta migratoria manilensis(Meyen)and Locusta migratoria migratoria(Linnaeus)from Urumgi,Xinjiang in China)were studied by using RAPD.Eleven arbitrary 10 base-pair primers produced 163 clear and reproducible amplification bands,156 bands among which were polymorphic bands.Shannon's index and Nei's index were used to analyzed those data.Partitioning of the genetic diversity of 4 populations of Locusta migratoria manilensis estimated by Nei's index indicated that 33.85 % of the variation existed among those populations,which was 36.09 % by Shannon's index.The dendrogram based on Nei's genetic distance of RAPD markers was got by using UPGMA.All the 4 populations of Locusta migratoria manilensis(Meyen) had far genetic distance with Locusta migratoria migratoria(Linnaeus).The result of the mean Nei's genetic distance and genetic identity between them showed the similarity among different populations was higher than that among species.The cophenetic correlation of 5 populations of Locusta detected with Mantel test was r<0.7,it showed that genetic distance did not correspond to geographic distance.Moreover,the results achieved by the methods of either allozymes previously adopted or RAPDs revealed the same genetic pattern of variation,however,much greater gene variation was detected with RAPD-PCR at both the protein and DNA levels.