不同牵引特性城轨列车车轮磨耗与疲劳研究

针对列车频繁牵引起动对车轮磨耗与疲劳损伤产生的影响问题，在恒定牵引力的基础上，探究了不同牵引特性曲线恒功率区转折点速度对车轮磨耗与疲劳的影响规律。采用SIMPACK和MATLAB软件进行联合仿真，建立了不同牵引特性下城轨列车动力学模型和基于Archard的车轮磨耗模型，分析在牵引电机不同起动转矩下牵引特性曲线恒功率区转折点速度对城轨列车轮轨蠕滑率、车轮磨耗深度、磨耗面积以及疲劳指数的影响规律。结果表明：列车牵引起动过程中，电机起动转矩越大，轮轨蠕滑率、车轮磨耗深度和磨耗面积也越大，而疲劳指数则越小；电机起动转矩一定时，随着列车牵引特性曲线恒功率区转折点速度的增大，轮轨蠕滑率、车轮磨耗深度和磨耗面积也增大，疲劳指数则有所减小；当电机起动转矩从800 N·m增大到1 400 N·m，车轮磨耗深度和磨耗面积增长率最大为6.9%和12.6%，而疲劳指数下降率最大为7.2%；当恒功率区转折点速度从50 km/h增加到80 km/h，车轮磨耗深度和磨耗面积增长率最大为4.4%和4.3%，疲劳指数下降率最大为1.9%。本文研究了车辆起动转矩与恒功率转折点速度变化对车轮磨耗与疲劳的影响规律，可为车辆牵引特性设计和电机控制以及车轮运维提供参考。

Research on wheel wear and fatigue of urban rail trains under different traction characteristics

Aiming at the problem that frequently train traction starting causes wheel wear and fatigue damage, on the basis of the constant traction force, the influence of the speed at the end of the constant power section of different traction characteristic curves on wheel wear and fatigue was studied. SIMPACK and MATLAB software were used for co-simulation to establish the dynamic model of urban rail trains(URTs) under different traction characteristics and the wheel wear model based on Archard. The influence of the speed at the end of the constant power section of the traction characteristic curve on the wheel-rail creepage, wheel wear depth, wear area and fatigue index of URTs under different starting torque of traction motor was analyzed. The results show that during the train traction starting process, the larger the starting torque of the motor, the greater the wheel-rail creepage, and the wheel wear depth and wear area, while the smaller the fatigue index; For agiven starting torque of the motor, with the increase of the speed at the end of the constant power section of the train traction characteristic curve, the wheel-rail creepage, and the wheel wear depth and wear area also increase, while the fatigue index decreases.When the starting torque of the motor increases from 800 N·m to 1 400 N·m, the maximum growth rates of wheel wear depth and wear area are 6.9% and 12.6%, respectively, while the maximum decline rate of fatigue index is 7.2%; When the speed at the end of the constant power section increases from 50 km/h to 80 km/h, the maximum growth rates of wheel wear depth and wear area are 4.4% and 4.3%,respectively, and the maximum decline rate of fatigue index is 1.9%.The effects of starting torque and the speed at the end of the constant power section on wheel wear and fatigue are obtained, which provides reference for the design of vehicle traction characteristics, motor control and wheel operation and maintenance.