清代笔记中伶人生存环境管窥

清代笔记中存留着大量的伶人史料,对于伶人地位、伶人交往,以及伶人的艺术面貌、精神面貌等,均有生动而详实的记载,为我们研究清代戏曲史提供了丰富的文献资料。通过对笔记中关于伶人生存环境的史料的钩稽整理,勾画出了清代伶人处境、伶人地位,以及伶人社会交往等层面的大致情貌,认为清代伶人的生存境况是在受到等级偏见、社会变革以及时代风气等多种因素的综合影响下形成的,并表现出一种心理期待与现实境遇间的巨大落差。

A View on the Living Environment of Entertainers in the Notes of the Qing Dynasty

A large number of records about entertainers exist in the notes of the Qing Dynasty,which give a vivid and detailed narration of entertainers＇ status,interaction,artistic outlook and spiritual state,providing the rich literature for studying the opera history of the Qing Dynasty.By sorting out the historical data about the actors＇ living environment in the notes,the paper describes the situation,status,and general social interaction of the entertainers in the Qing Dynasty.It holds that the living situation of the entertainers in the Qing Dynasty was affected by the hierarchical bias,social change,and the atmosphere of the times,and showed a huge gap between psychological expectations and the reality of the situation.