“倒”虚化考察

现代汉语副词＂倒＂是由表示动作义＂颠倒＂的古去声＂倒＂发展而来。＂倒＂句法上经历了从做谓语动词到做状语修饰谓语中心语再到做副词修饰全句的过程,语义语用上经历了从表动作义到表状态义再到表语气的过程。唐宋时代＂倒＂已经开始兼表语气了。

Inspection on the Grammaticalization of "Dao"

Modern Chinese adverb ＂dao（倒）＂ meaning by that action ＂reversed＂ from the old falling tone ＂dao（倒）＂.＂Dao（倒）＂ syntax experiences the process from the predicate verb to adverbial modifying predicate and then to the entire sentence＇s adverbial.Semantic and pragmatic experience shows the process through movement meaning to status meaning to modal particle simultaneously.In Tang and Song Dynasties ＂dao（倒）＂ has already been a modal particle.