近40年珠江三角洲主要城市时空扩展特征及驱动力分析

基于长时间序列多源卫星数据和GIS 技术, 研究近40 年珠江三角洲5 座城市(广州、深圳、珠海、香港和澳门)中心建成区的时空扩展特征以及建成区扩展的自然和社会经济驱动力。5座城市建成区总体在“八五计划”(1991-1995 年)和“十五计划”(2001-2005 年)两个时期扩展较快, 扩展速度具有明显的双峰特征。广州和深圳建成区的扩展模式表现为轴带组团式结构; 珠海、香港、澳门是多岛屿城市, 建成区以跳跃式组团扩展为主, 形成多中心空间分布格局。珠江三角洲建成区扩展总体对耕地影响最大, 其次为林地, 再次为农村居民点和工矿交通建设用地。围海造地对香港和澳门建成区扩展用地的贡献相对较大。地形条件、政策制定、交通发展、人口和经济发展是影响珠江三角洲城市扩展的重要驱动因子。1990-2010 年珠江三角洲主要城市建成区扩展倍数与人口增长倍数、GDP 增长倍数排序一致, 由小到大依次为香港、澳门、广州、珠海和深圳。

Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Driving Forces of Urban Sprawl for Major Cities of the Pearl River Delta Region in Recent 40 Years

The authors studied the spatial distribution of built-up area for 5 major cities in the Pearl River Delta Region in recent 40 years, based on multi-source and long-series satellite images and GIS technique, and the 5 major cities are: Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Hong Kong and Macao. Spatial-temporal dynamic characteristics and driving factors for the built-up sprawl are analyzed. The speed of built-up sprawl for the 5 major cities overall is relatively faster in the 8th “5 Year Plan” period (1991–1995) and the 10th “5 Year Plan” period (2001–2005). The spatial pattern of Guangzhou and Shenzhen’s built-up characterizes with axial and zonal group, while for Zhuhai, Hong Kong, Macao are abundant of islands, the built-up is sprawled by leaps and forms multi urban centers. Urban expansion in the Pearl River Delta Region has the largest influence on farmland, followed by the forestland, and again the construction land for rural residential or industrial use. Because of reclamation projection, the sea area supplies more land resource for built-up expansion in Hong Kong and Macao. Terrain conditions, transportation development, policy making, population and economic growth are important driving factors for urban expansion in the Pearl River Delta Region. The sequence of built-up area’s expansion ratio is coincidence with the population increase rate and GDP increase rate for the 5 major cities, of which the values of Shenzhen are the largest of all, and then followed by values of Zhuhai, Guangzhou, Macao, and Hong Kong in sequence.