玉米及其制品质量安全风险及控制

玉米是全世界也是我国种植范围最广、总产量最大、用途最多的粮食作物。玉米按收获物和用途可分为籽粒用玉米、鲜食玉米、青贮玉米等3类,其中籽粒用玉米是我国玉米的主要产品。指出我国籽粒用玉米及其制品在质量安全方面存在的主要问题是真菌毒素污染,同时也在一定程度上存在农药残留和重金属污染等问题,并从玉米育种和作物栽培等方面给出相应的控制对策:1)选育并推广抗病虫害的玉米新品种,积极采取措施预防和防治病虫害。2)选育并推广脱水快、成熟度好、利于籽粒直收的玉米品种,规范玉米籽粒晾晒及储存过程。3)完善相关标准体系和检测体系。4)综合防治病虫草害,合理规范使用杀虫剂、杀菌剂、除草剂,生物防治为主,化学防治为辅,使用低毒农药。5)加强标准农田建设,减少面源污染,降低重金属在玉米中吸收和积累。

Safety Risk and Its Control of Corn and Corn Products

Corn is the world''s and China''s largest planted and most widely used crop,with the highest yield production among all the crops. According to the harvest parts and uses, corn can be divided into three types, which are grain corn, fresh corn and silage corn. Grain corn is one of the main products in China. This study points out that the main quality and safety problems of grain corn and its products in terms are mycotoxins contamination. Problems of pesticide residue and heavy metal pollution also exist to a certain extent. This study also give the corresponding control measures from the aspects of corn breeding and cultivation, including:1)Breeding new maize cultivars of wide adaptability and resistance, and taking active measures to prevent and control diseases and insect pests. 2) Breeding and recommending good maturity and quick dehydration cultivars suitable for grain harvesting, and drying timely and storing standardly. 3) Improving relevant test and standard systems. 4) Comprehensively preventing and controlling plant diseases and pests, and rationally using pesticides, fungicides, herbicides which is mainly through biological control supplemented by chemical control with low toxicity. 5) Strengthening standard farmland construction, and reducing nonpoint source pollution and the absorption and accumulation of heavy metals in corn.