关于长度收缩假设来源与发展的重新考察

长度收缩假设是为了说明迈克尔逊—莫雷(Mechelson—Morley)实验的负结果才提出来的。本文根据史料说明两者都是受麦克斯韦(MaxwellJ.)的启发进行的。长期以来,很多著作普遍认为该假设是由菲兹杰惹(Fitzgerald G.F.)和洛伦兹(Lorentz H.A.)在大约同时间内各自独立地提出的,对于具体时间说法又不一。作者通过对许多原始史料的考察与分析得出,长度收缩假说是菲兹杰惹(Fitzgerald G.E.)在 1889 年唯一提出的,洛奇(Oliver Lodge)在他的影响下在 1892 年 6 月首先提出长度收缩和时间减慢系数及其表示式。洛伦兹(Lorentz H.A.)很可能在得知这些工作基础上,才在 5 个月后提出他的收缩系数,但在 1895 年又采用了洛奇(Lodge O.)的系数表示式。因此,可以得出,洛伦兹(Lorentz H.A.)、拉摩(Larmor J.)和庞加莱(Poincar’s H.)只能是长度收缩假说的发展者。他们的工作导致洛伦兹变换和狭义相对论。

Reinspection about Rise and Development of the Hypothesis of contraction

The contraction hypothesis of length was suggested from illustrating the negative result of Mechelson-Morley Expetiment, and both of them were arised by the enlightenments of Maxwell J.C..The views on the hypothesis suggested respectively by Fritzgerald J.F. and Lorentz H.A. in the mean time are spread widely for a long time but the time for suggesting it are said ddifferently.Basing on some related original materials and analysis , the author thinks that Fitzgeralad G. F. was the only suggestor of the hypothesis in 1889 and introduces its historical causes The historical materials show that the contraction coefficient of length and siowing coefficient of time and their formulas were suggested by oliver Loege in 1892 under the influence of FitzgeraldG.F..Some evidences show that Lorentz H.A. was probably awareded of the hypothesis through Lodge's O. papers and published a unreasonable formula of those coefficients five moths later and adopted Lodge's in 1895. Therefore, Larmor, Lorentz and Poincare be called the developers of that hypothesis which led to the Lorentz's Transformation and special relativity.