汶川大地震中大坝震害与大坝抗震安全性分析

大坝抗震安全是公共安全的重大问题.深入分析了汶川地震中典型大坝的抗震性能与震害特点,对拱坝、重力坝、闸坝、面板堆石坝、心墙堆石坝等各种型式大坝的抗震特性与大坝抗震安全性进行了论述,阐明了观点,对大坝抗震设计的内容提出了建议.拱坝良好的抗震性能,在于发挥横缝的调节作用,使拱向拉应力得到释放,并具有一定的适应河谷与河岸变形的能力.提高重力坝的抗震能力,关键在于减小头部和坝踵等抗震薄弱部位应力集中的程度,并采取FRP等措施进行加强.闸坝轻型,地震惯性力小,具有较高的抵抗超载作用的潜力.对面板堆石坝来说,提高填筑和压实质量,减小其地震变形有利于改善面板与结构缝的工作条件,增强抗震能力.对心墙堆石坝来说,重要的也在于减小地震变形,特别是采取工程措施限制上部的地震变形,增强心墙的抗裂能力.

Performance of dams suffered in Wenchuan earthquake and seismic safety analysis of dams

The seismic safety of dams is a great issue of public concern.A deep comprehensive analysis was conducted towards the performance and seismic hazards of typical dams in the earthquake.In addition,the seismic properties and seismic safety of arch dams,gravity dams,sluice gate dams,concrete faced rock-fill dam and rock-fill dam with central core were addressed.The viewpoint provided was explained and several suggestions were put forward towards the seismic design of dams.Arch dam displays good behavior of ear...