桥墩塑性防撞装置的力学机理

通过一艘4万t级油船撞击箱式塑性吸能防撞装置的有限元数值模拟计算，演示并分析了防撞装置的作用过程．指出了防撞装置受力的3个阶段、防撞力的限制值和防撞装置各构件的吸能特征，解释了防撞装置对桥梁的防护机理．同时介绍了非线性有限元碰撞分析中船舶、防撞装置与桥墩的模型化方法和材料、质量参数等的正确意义，并对防撞装置的优化设计提出了建议。

Mechanism of Plastic Protection Device for Ship-Bridge Collision

In order to mitigate the bridge's damage by ship collisions, the steel box shaped protection device of steel is usually adopted. A normal collision between a DWT 40 000 t oil tanker and a bridge which is equipped with such a protection device of plastic absorbing energy is simulated employing MSC/DYTRAN code. The mechanic characters of the protection device during ship bridge collision are presented and analyzed. The three phases of collision force history, the limitation of collision force and the absorbing energy of the structural components of protection device are given. At the same time the method to build ship and protection device model is introduced. The real meaning of the material and mass is explained. And some advice on the structural optimization for protection device is pointed.