关于归纳法的合理性问题——康德对休谟问题的解决及其改进

休谟首先对归纳法的合理性提出质疑,并给以否定性的结论。在康德看来,休谟问题的产生是传统哲学自身的缺陷所致,即让人的理智符合经验。康德则把这个次序颠倒过来,让经验符合理智,是理智把因果必然性加到前后相继的两类经验事件之中。这样的因果性属于康德的先验范畴。康德自认为他的先验哲学已经对休谟问题给以完满的解决,然而,许多学者认为,情况并非如此。本文进而把"随机性"和"统计性"作为先验范畴,同因果性构成一组。同时提出两条范导原则即"普遍因果性原则"和"普遍随机性原则",并为之进行辩护,以此作为关于休谟问题的康德方案的改进。

On the Problem of the Rationality of Induction:Kant's Solution to Hume's Problem and an Improvement to It

Hume is the first person who queried the rationality of induction and arrived at a negative conclusion. According to Kant,that Hume's problem comes into being stems from a flaw of the traditional philosophy itself,namely that human's reason is required to correspond to experience. Thus,Kant reversed this order i.e. required experience to correspond to reason,and he claimed that it is reason that imparted causal necessity to the experiential events in succession. Such causality belongs to Kant's a priori cat...