4种常用除草剂对玉米、绿豆和萝卜的影响

采用非靶标植物影响试验的土壤处理法,分别测定500 g·L-1莠灭净悬浮剂、400 g·L-1二甲戊灵乳油、56%二甲四氯钠可溶粉剂和900 g·L-12,4-滴异辛酯乳油4种玉米田常用除草剂对玉米、绿豆和萝卜的半效应浓度EC50(14 d),并进行影响评价,以明确除草剂对玉米及非靶标植物的安全性。结果显示,500 g·L-1莠灭净悬浮剂、400 g·L-1二甲戊灵乳油、56%二甲四氯钠可溶粉剂和900 g·L-12,4-滴异辛酯乳油对玉米和绿豆均为低毒,400 g·L-1二甲戊灵乳油对萝卜为低毒,500 g·L-1莠灭净悬浮剂、56%二甲四氯钠可溶粉剂对萝卜为中毒,900 g·L-12,4-滴异辛酯乳油对萝卜为高毒。4种除草剂均可按照推荐剂量施用于玉米田,但在选择施用500 g·L-1莠灭净悬浮剂、56%二甲四氯钠可溶粉剂和900 g·L-12,4-滴异辛酯乳油时,应避免间、套种萝卜并远离萝卜田,以免对萝卜造成药害。

Toxicity of four herbicides in Zea mays,Phaseolus aureus,and Raphanus sativus

We aimed to evaluate the toxicity of four herbicides in Zea mays,Phaseolus aureus,and Raphanus sativus.Therefore,we performed a non-target plant impact test following the Test Guidelines on Environmental Safety Assessment for Chemical to evaluate the effects of 500 g·L~(-1) Ametryn SC,400 g·L~(-1) Pendimethalin EC,56% MCPA sodium SP,and 900 g·L~(-1)2,4-D-ethylhexyl EC on Z.mays,P.aureus,and R.sativus.We found that 500 g·L~(-1) Ametryn SC,400 g·L~(-1) Pendimethalin EC,56% MCPA sodium SP,and 900 g·L~(-1)2,4-D-ethylhexyl EC were less toxic to Z.mays and P.aureus,400 g·L~(-1) Pendimethalin EC was less toxic to R.sativus,500 g·L~(-1) Ametryn SC and56% MCPA sodium SP were moderately toxic to R.sativus,and 900 g·L~(-1)2,4-D-ethylhexyl EC was highly toxic to R.sativus.All four herbicides can be applied to corn fields according to the recommended concentrations.However,in corn field intercropping and interplanting with radish,500 g·L~(-1) Ametryn SC,56% MCPA sodium SP,and900 g·L~(-1)2,4-D-ethylhexyl EC should be avoided,and their application should be away from radish fields to avoid negative effects.