国内外成品油价格形成机制及其对军品价格管理的启示

石油作为重要的战略资源，特殊的公共商品，具有天然的垄断性，其价格形成不仅受市场影响，还一定程度受政府控制。目前，美国、日本和西欧等国外石油定价主要采用市场定价的模式，我国也正处于政府定价向市场定价的过渡时期。军品是特殊的商品，其公共性与垄断性一定程度上与石油相似。借鉴国内外石油价格形成机制，探讨军品价格管理的改进措施：加强市场调节在其价格形成中的作用，以适应市场经济的需要；促进军品市场竞争主体的多元化，以削弱垄断的影响；建立合理的价格调整机制，以应对市场因素的变化。

Price mechanism of refined oil products at home and abroad and military-product price management

As an important strategic resource and special public commodity, oil is characterized by mo- nopoly. Its prices are not only affected by the market but also controlled by the government to some extent. At present, the oil price mechanism in America, Japan and Western Europe is mainly a mar- ket-set price mode. Our country is also in the transition period from government-set price mode to market-set price mode. Military product is a special commodity, which is similar to oil in publicity and monopoly. Drawing lessons from domestic and international oil price mechanism, this paper explores the measures of improving military product price management. The include displaying the role of mar- ket regulation in price-setting to meet the needs of market economy, promoting diverse competitions in the military product market to weaken monopoly, and setting up the reasonable price adjustment mechanism to respond to changes in market factors.