石墨嵌层化合物的X射线研究

用电化学法在硫酸和高氯酸中将天然鳞片石墨合成了不同阶的石墨嵌层化合物（ＧＩＣ）和石墨氧化物（ＧＯ）；用Ｘ射线衍射法对ＧＩＣ和ＧＯ的结构进行了测定，并考察了硫酸ＧＩＣ和ＧＯ在空气中的稳定性，以及水洗涤、高温处理对ＧＩＣ和ＧＯ的结构的影响。发现随着嵌化量的增加，石墨的００２峰和００４峰分裂成两个峰，各自的距离越来越远；ＧＩＣ在空气中搁置时间越长，两个分裂峰越向石墨的原００２峰和００４峰靠近，表明ＧＩＣ在空气中不稳定；经高温处理的ＧＩＣ，从宏观看，体积膨胀，但微观上的层间距却趋于恢复石墨结构，这反映在它与石墨有相同的００２峰。

X-RAY STUDIES OF GRAPHITE INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS AND GRAPHITE OXIDES

Graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) in different stages and Graphite oxides (GOs)were electrochemically synthesized from natural graphite in sulphuric acid and perchloric acid. respectively. The influences of some factors. such as the time in atmosphere, the waterwashing operation and the high temperature treatment .on the structure of the GICs and GOs were measured. It was found that each of the peak (002)and (004) of graphite splited into two peaks while the graphite was intercalated and the distance between the splited peaks increased with the increasing of the amount of the intercalates. If GICs were laid in air,the splited peaks shifted backwards to original positions. Being treated in high temperature,GICs expanded in volume but their diffraction peaks had the same positions as those of graphite. It shows that the high temperature treatment can make the microcrystal structure of GICs be of graphite.