颅骨的测量与观察(一)

<正> 本文颅骨材料是1958年由河南省洛阳地区公墓挖掘出土的干燥骨骼标本中的成年颅骨,系解放战争时期士兵的遗骨。根据挖掘时各方面资料的分析,以及依据吴汝康教授编著的“人体骨骼测量方法”一书中介绍的男女颅骨性別差异,选用完整无损的300例男性颅骨进

DETERMINATION AND OBSERVATION OF SKULLS

The human skulls studied in this paper were unearthed from cemeteries in Luo Yang District, Henan province in 1958. All of them were soldiers＇ remains during the period of Liberation war. 300 male adult skulls were selected and determined The program determined is as follows: maximum cranial length (g-op), maxmum craninl breedth (eu-eu), bssi-bregmatic height (ba-b) and cranial capacity, cranial index, cranial length-height iadex and cranial breadth-height index. The eouipment used in the process of meauuring is the Anthroposteomtre which was designed by professor woo Ju-kong of Institute of Vertebrate paleotology and paleonthropology Academia Sinica.The method of determining and index computerizstion were standarded in accordance with the rule stipulated by Martin. In his Anthropology the results obtained are as follows: the maximum average cranial length is 176.28mm, cranial breadth—137.05mm and basi-bregmstic height (ba-b)—135.94mm cranial length-breadth index is 78.61mm, cranial length-height index—76.95mm and cranial breath-hcigt index—98.39mm. The data above show that the skulls unesrthed in Luo Yang District, Hcnan province are mainly Mesocrany and Hysicrany, and that the skulls show the character of the Yellow race, moreover, of Huabei(North China)men. K. Peason＇s formulae wae adopted in the paper to indirectly determine the cranial capacity of the 300 specimens, the minimum is 1231.07ml, the maximum 1678.68 ml.And the average cranial capacity is 1401.2ml The nonmetric morphological observations of skulls were proceeded in this paper, the skulls were placed at the state of Frankfurt＇a level·Shapes of outline of the skulls were observed from Norma Verticalis, most of which are ovoid or Ellipsoid. The data above may further elucidate the law of change of the maximum cranial length, the maximum cranial breadth, the cranial capacity and other indexes in the origin and development of human boing accumulate materials for countryman＇s physical property, also may supply Anthropology and Anatomy with essential reference materials of record.